Python! Modules And Packages | Lectures 14

Let’s Start Python Programming For Beginners to Advanced. Modules & Packages, Lectures 14

Table of Contents

🐍 Lecture 14: Modules & Packages

🎯 Goal

By the end of this lecture, you will:

Understand what modules and packages are in Python.
Know how to import built-in modules like random, math, and time.
Be able to install and use third-party packages using pip.
Build a simple program that uses imported code.

🧠 What Are Modules and Packages?

Module

A module is just a .py file with Python code. It can contain functions, variables, or classes that you can reuse in your programs.

Think of it like a toolbox — each module gives you tools (functions) to do something useful.

Example:

import math
print(math.sqrt(16))  # Output: 4.0

Package

A package is a collection of modules. It’s like a toolbox with smaller toolboxes inside.

Python has many built-in modules, and thousands of third-party packages made by other developers.

🔒 Built-in Modules – Ready to Use!

You don’t need to install these — they come with Python.

Common Built-in Modules:

Module	Purpose
`math`	Math functions (`sqrt`,`pi`, etc.)
`random`	Generate random numbers or choices
`time`	Work with time and delays
`datetime`	Work with dates and times
`os`	Interact with the operating system

🎲 Example: Using `random` Module

Use random to generate random numbers or pick from a list.

import random

# Pick a random number between 1 and 10
print(random.randint(1, 10))

# Choose a random color
colors = ["red", "blue", "green"]
print(random.choice(colors))

📐 Example: Using `math` Module

The math The module gives you powerful math tools.

import math

print(math.pi)        # 3.14159...
print(math.sqrt(25))  # Square root of 25 → 5.0
print(math.ceil(4.2)) # Rounds up → 5
print(math.floor(4.8))# Rounds down → 4

⏱️ Example: Using `time` Module

Use time.sleep() to pause your program for a bit — great for games or animations.

import time

print("Starting game...")
time.sleep(2)  # Wait 2 seconds
print("Ready!")

Lecture 14 Modules Packages — Lecture 14 Modules and Packages

📦 Installing and Using Third-Party Packages

Python also lets you use code written by others through packages.

To install a package, we use pip — Python’s package installer.

Step 1: Open Terminal or Command Prompt

Type:

pip install package-name

Step 2: Use the Installed Package

Example: Install and use requests (for getting data from the web)

pip install requests

Then in Python:

import requests

response = requests.get("https://api.github.com") 
print(response.status_code)  # Should print 200 if successful

🧪 Try It Yourself!

Write a program that:

Welcomes the user.
Waits 1 second.
Shows a random joke from a list.

💡 Sample Code:

import time
import random

print("Welcome to the Joke Machine!")
time.sleep(1)

jokes = [
    "Why did the scarecrow win an award? Because he was outstanding in his field!",
    "What do you call fake spaghetti? An impasta!",
    "Why don't skeletons fight each other? They don’t have the guts!"
]

print(random.choice(jokes))

🚀 Challenge (Optional)

Make a Magic 8-Ball Game using random.

import random

answers = [
    "Yes!", "No.", "Maybe", 
    "Ask again later...", "Definitely!", "I don't think so."
]

input("Ask a yes/no question: ")
print("🔮", random.choice(answers))

👉 Example Run:

Ask a yes/no question: Will I have pizza tonight?
🔮 Yes!

🧒 Kids Corner

🧠 Imagine you have a robot friend who loves collecting tools.
Each time you say:

“Robot, open the random toolbox!”

It pulls out a random toy from its bag!

🤖 Robot says:

Here's a surprise! You never know what you'll get next!

📌 Summary

A module is a file containing Python code.
Use import to bring in a module.
Use built-in modules like random, math, and time to add powerful features.
Use pip install to add third-party packages to your Python toolbox.